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BEST OF DOUG NOLAND
August 21, 2006
Where’s the heightened risk aversion one would expect late in a
tightening cycle? Where are the tightened "financial conditions" after
17 Fed rate increases? Where are the chastened borrowers, lenders,
financiers, and speculators? Well, the leveraged speculating community
flourishes and hasn’t missed a beat, and with this growth comes a thus
far insatiable appetite for risky assets. Combining the powerful Wall
Street firms, the global money center securities/insurance/"banks," and
thousands of hedge funds and you’ve got one almighty juggernaut
"speculator community" that controls $10’s of Trillions of U.S. and
global assets. To be sure, players today operate with an incentive
structure unrecognizable to the traditional bank loan officer. Hedge
funds typically take 20% of (realized and unrealized) fund gains at
year-end, while Wall Street traders, investment bankers, derivative
specialists and the like enjoy a share of booked profits with the
arrival of their generous year-end bonuses. Such incentive structures
nurture an all-consuming institutional inflationary bias.
It is, apparently, going to take a more intimidating housing slowdown
to alarm speculators enticed by higher-yielding mortgage securities. The
conspicuous excess that has of late beset corporate finance is anything
but dissuading speculation in risky PIK (payment in kind) debt and other
high-yielding corporate securities – especially not with the convenient
embracement of "mark-to-model" pricing. And the incentive to write
insurance (and immediately book much of the premium as "profit") is
simply too enticing to pass up, whether it is catastrophic weather
reinsurance, Credit default derivatives, market hedges, or the myriad
types of financial insurance/guarantees that have taken the U.S. and
global Credit systems by storm. It is also clear that the perception of
ongoing Federal Reserve accommodation has emerging market securities
again in hot demand.
The current Financial Structure, dominated by Wall Street
securitizations, leveraging, derivatives, and asset/securities
speculation, inherently incites and then feeds runaway Credit, asset and
speculative Bubbles. Under present conditions, the nature of this
energized financing mechanism is not going to change, but rather only
the sectors and asset classes where over-financing ensures spectacular
boom and bust cycles.
"It appears that the current housing slowdown, which we first saw in
September ‘05, is somewhat unique: It is the first downturn in forty
years – in the forty years since we entered the business that was not
precipitated by high interest rates, a weak economy, job losses or other
macroeconomic factors. Instead, it seems to be the result of an
oversupply of inventory and a decline in confidence. Speculative
buyers who spurred demand in ‘04 and ‘05 are now sellers; builders who
built speculative homes must now move their specs; and nervous buyers
are canceling contracts for homes already under construction." Robert
Toll, Chairman & CEO Toll Brothers
In a predictable replay of the Technology Bubble, the U.S.
homebuilding industry now faces the inevitable consequences from a
period of spectacular over-finance and over-speculation (including
massive industry overcapacity, collapsing profit margins and acute price
uncertainty and instability). Industry executives have not previously
experienced similar dynamics to this downturn specifically because there
has never been a Financial Structure so capable of completely inundating
the entire housing and mortgage arenas with cheap finance for such an
extended period – never. As we witnessed with tech, destabilizing
speculative flows appear seductively miraculous until they don’t.
Ultra-easy finance incited and then fed a speculative Bubble in home
buying. At the same time, the nature of the Financial Structure saw to
it that the homebuilders were also overwhelmed with finance, ensuring an
enormous, destabilizing and self-reinforcing building boom. And the
higher homebuilder stock prices ran and the cheaper their debt
financings became, the greater the incentive to ignore the warning signs
and race to develop more properties – to keep the dream alive and the
liquidity spigot wide open. Moreover, the greater the boom the more the
various segments of the ballooning U.S. Financial Sphere that wanted
their piece of the action. And the resulting creative financing
arrangements and instruments – and greater Credit Availability generally
– the easier it became to finance ballooning transactions at higher
prices (yet with lower individual mortgage payments!). Households
inevitably succumbed to panic buying.
Many analysts these days hone in on the housing slowdown and the
likelihood that the Fed has already raised rates too much to sustain the
economic boom. My focus and concerns are instead directed at the
precarious nature of a prevailing Financial Structure that ensures
Serial Bubbles and Cumulative Economic Impairment and Financial
Fragility. With acute vulnerability pervading some key housing markets -
as well as the general risk to the Mortgage Finance Bubble - in the
spotlight, the Fed is poised to accommodate the ongoing profligate
financing environment. I find it astounding that our policymakers have
absolutely no inclination – or demonstrate any sensitivity to their
responsibility - to discipline or subdue "Wall Street finance." Instead,
they are determined to safeguard a highly improvident and destabilizing
financial backdrop and incentive structure. This may very well
perpetuate the current aged boom somewhat, but their will be no avoiding
the painful aftermath. Today’s Menacing Financial Structure has
decisively sealed such a fate.
Doug Noland is a market strategist at Prudent Bear Funds. Their
website is www.prudentbear.com. |